Home / Literatures Waste oil is a byproduct generated from various industrial processes, including motor oil, lubricants, and hydraulic oils, which are often contaminated with impurities such as metals, carbon particles, and organic compounds. The improper disposal of waste oil can cause severe environmental contamination, affecting water bodies, soil, and air quality, as well as…
Home / Literatures White spirit, often known as mineral spirits, is a commonly used solvent in a variety of sectors, including paint manufacture, cleaning, and degreasing. While white spirits are useful in a variety of applications, their manufacturing requires the handling of combustible chemicals, which poses major safety risks. Therefore, the safety procedures in white…
Home / Literatures Visbreaking, a crucial process in petroleum refining, plays a significant role in upgrading heavy fuel oil (HFO) by reducing its viscosity and increasing the yield of lighter, more valuable products. This is achieved through moderate thermal cracking, which breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones, making the HFO more fluid and…
Home / Literatures Fundamentals of Heavy Oil Upgrading Heavy oil, often characterized by its high viscosity and dense composition, poses significant challenges for refineries due to its difficulty in processing. Heavy crude oil has a higher sulfur content and a greater concentration of impurities compared to lighter crudes, requiring specialized treatment to meet refining standards….
Home / Literatures Hydrotreating is a critical process in the petroleum refining industry, playing a pivotal role in transforming crude oil into high-quality, usable products. At its core, hydrotreating involves the use of hydrogen and catalysts to remove impurities from petroleum fractions, ensuring compliance with environmental standards and improving the performance of refined products. This article…
Home / Literatures Hydroprocessing plays a vital role in petroleum refining, focusing on enhancing the quality of crude oil derivatives by eliminating impurities and refining their chemical composition. This category encompasses two key techniques: hydrocracking and hydrotreating, which fulfill unique but interrelated functions within refining operations. The following sections explore the details of these processes, including…
Home / Literatures Visbreaking, also known as viscosity breaking, is a crucial thermal cracking process employed in petroleum refineries to enhance the quality and value of heavy fuel oil. This process involves subjecting heavy feedstocks, such as residual oils and heavy fuel oils, to high temperatures in the absence or presence of a catalyst. This…
Home / Literatures Thin film evaporators are highly specialized equipment used in the petrochemical industry to separate and purify products under controlled conditions. They are often used to process highly viscous, heat-sensitive or easily scaled materials, making them indispensable equipment in various petrochemical processes. By providing efficient heat and mass transfer, thin film evaporators can optimize…
Home / Literatures As the global transition towards cleaner energy intensifies, renewable diesel has become a key solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing dependence on fossil fuels. Unlike conventional biodiesel, renewable diesel delivers enhanced performance, higher energy density, and superior compatibility with existing diesel engines and infrastructure. Its production hinges on advanced refining…
Home / Literatures The visbreaking process is a cornerstone technology in modern petroleum refineries, playing a vital role in the conversion of heavy, high-viscosity oils into lighter, more marketable products. This thermal cracking technique reduces the viscosity of heavy oils, such as vacuum residues, improving their flowability and making them suitable for use as fuel oils….
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